Little Settlands - incompetent deformation 2
Little Settlands - inverted thin coals and disturb…
The Settlands sand trees 1
The Settlands sand trees 2
The Settlands sand trees 3
Conglomerate at Gravel Bay: close-up view 1
Conglomerates at Gravel Bay
Conglomerate at Gravel Bay: close-up view 2
Moody sky over Freshwater West
Gravel Bay - Moor Cliffs Formation 1
Gravel Bay - millipede-like burrows in Moor Cliffs…
Gravel Bay - Moor Cliffs Formation 2
Gravel Bay - Moor Cliffs Formation with calcretes…
Gravel Bay - calcrete horizon in Moor Cliffs Forma…
Spray haze over Freshwater West
Freshwater West walkies
East Pickard Bay panorama
Gravel Bay - Moor Cliffs Formation
Waves in Freshwater West
East Pickard Bay - English stonecrop
Gravel Bay - Moor Cliffs Formation with calcretes…
Druidston Haven: Cliff Section 6
Druidston Haven: Cliff Section 6 interpretation
Druidston Haven: Cliff Section 5 interpretation
Druidston Haven: Cliff Section 4
Druidston Haven: Cliff Section 4 interpretation
Druidston Haven: Cliff Section 3 interpretation
Druidston Haven: Cliff Section 1 interpretation
Druidston Haven: Cliff Section 1 panorama
Druidston Haven: Cliff Section 2 interpretation
Druidston Haven: Cliff Section 2
Druidston Haven: Cliff Section 3
Druidston Haven: Cliff Section 5
St Brides Haven solifluction deposit
St Brides Haven - view east
St Brides Haven: colourful rocks, colourful sea
Victoria Bay bedding planes in Silurian sandstones
Victoria Bay and Skokholm Island
Gateholm and Skokholm Islands
Broad Haven (S) view east to Stackpole Head and Ca…
Church Rock from Saddle Point
Broad Haven (S) view west
Box Bay panorama
Box Bay with caves
Sandy Pit doline
Sandy Pit doline panorama
Lichens and Viper's Bugloss on Mowingword Point
Mowingword Bay, Pinnacle Stack and Gun Cliff
Barafundle Bay cloudscape from Stackpole Head
Lattice Windows sea arches and Barafundle Bay
Stackpole Head from Mowingword Point
Extentional faults: Saundersfoot south
Extentional faults detail: Saundersfoot south
Small thrust and footwall syncline
Ladies Cave Anticline
Ladies Cave Anticline: interior hinge zone
Asymmetric anticline, Swallowtree Bay north
Syncline in Lower Coal Measures sandstones: Swallo…
Swallowtree Bay anticline-syncline couplet
Swallowtree Bay anticline-syncline couplet: detail…
Swallowtree Bay anticline-syncline couplet: detail…
Swallowtree Bay anticline-syncline couplet: detail…
Swallowtree Bay anticline-syncline couplet: detail…
Little Haven - The Settlands; detail of overturned…
Little Haven - The Settlands; detail of incompeten…
Little Haven - The Settlands; detail of incompeten…
Little Haven - The Settlands; detail of southern a…
Little Haven - The Settlands; recumbent fold, thru…
Little Haven - The Settlands; recumbent fold, thru…
Little Haven - The Settlands panorama - geological…
Little Haven - The Settlands panorama
Fox Hole Anticline - northern limb 3
Fox Hole Anticline - northern limb jointing with c…
Fox Hole Anticline - northern limb with mine adit
Fox Hole Anticline - northern limb 2
Fox Hole Anticline - northern limb
Little Haven - Fox Hole Anticline
Little Haven north side geological interpretation
Little Haven north side panorama
Little Haven view north over Rooks Bay and The Set…
The Settlands at Little Haven from coastal path
Newgale Sands 3
Small Copper at Trefrane Cliff Colliery
Trefrane Cliff Colliery chimney 4
Trefrane Cliff Colliery chimney 3
Trefrane Cliff Colliery chimney 2
Trefrane Cliff Colliery chimney 1
Newgale Sands 2
Newgale Sands 1
Rickets Head Black Cliff Colliery tip and Newgale
Rickets Head south mining activity panorama
Rickets Head end-on view
Rickets Head north mining activity panorama
Nolton Haven north west cliffs of Pennant Sandston…
Nolton Haven sandstone channel edge 1
Nolton Haven sandstone channel edge 2
Nolton Haven sandstone channel edge lag deposits 1
Nolton Haven sandstone channel edge lag deposits 2
Nolton Haven ironstone pebbles in channel lag depo…
Nolton Haven ironstone pebbles in channel lag depo…
Nolton Haven sandstone channel scours
Nolton Haven channel sandstones
Nolton Haven channel sandstones 2
Nolton Haven channel sandstones 3
Nolton Haven channel lag deposit in beach boulder…
Nolton Haven channel lag deposit in beach boulder…
Nolton Haven seaward view
Tenby skyscape
Tenby from North Sands
Tenby North Sands with Inshore Rescue Boat station
Tenby North Sands skyscape from Castle Hill 1
Tenby North Sands skyscape from Castle Hill 2
Tenby Church and seafront buildings from Castle Hi…
Tenby North Sands chevron fold couplet
Tenby North Sands chevron fold couplet panorama
Tenby North Sands chevron fold couplet structural…
Bullslaughter Bay panorama
St Govan's Chapel 1
St Govan's Chapel 2
St Govans Chapel 3
View to St Govans Head
View west from Mewsford Point
Bullslaughter Bay folds
Bullslaughter Bay
Bullslaughter Bay folds 2
1/80 • f/7.1 • 15.0 mm • ISO 800 •
Canon EOS 600D
EF-S15-85mm f/3.5-5.6 IS USM
Location
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Coasts of the sea: animals, vegetation and coastal geology
Coasts of the sea: animals, vegetation and coastal geology
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Little Settlands - incompetent deformation 1
Structural geology of Little Haven and The Settlands
The cliffs from Little Haven to Broad Haven (and northward) display a spectacular range of geological structures, folding, faulting and thrusting, mainly in the Lower Coal Measures. The relatively weak mudstone and shale-dominated sequences show much incompetent deformation: tight, thrusted and overturned folds, in contrast to the thicker, stronger, sandstones which have formed relatively open and concentric folds.
Immediately north of The Rain headland is a small embayment: 'Little Settlands'. Here, a chaotic looking series of disturbed bedding and downward-facing small folds are in contact with a thin coal. The whole sequence is inverted, the inversion being a continuation of the overturned structure seen on The Rain and the northern end of the main Settlands bay, e.g. on the left in the previous photo here:
Downward-facing means that the way-up, younging direction, of the folds is downwards, rather than the normal upwards. So the structure at the lower right (see note) which looks like an overturned anticline is actually an inverted syncline. The evidence for the way up is provided by small scale (too small to be seen clearly in this photo) sedimentary slump and load casts on the bases of sandy layers within the predominantly shale and mudstone sequence. The inverted folds are thought to have been initiated immediately prior to the main folding and thrusting event.
The coal is completely inverted ('up' is to down to the left) and separated from the inverted folds by a prominent shear plane just below the bottom of the walking stick and running up towards the upper left.
The stick is 90 cm long.
The cliffs from Little Haven to Broad Haven (and northward) display a spectacular range of geological structures, folding, faulting and thrusting, mainly in the Lower Coal Measures. The relatively weak mudstone and shale-dominated sequences show much incompetent deformation: tight, thrusted and overturned folds, in contrast to the thicker, stronger, sandstones which have formed relatively open and concentric folds.
Immediately north of The Rain headland is a small embayment: 'Little Settlands'. Here, a chaotic looking series of disturbed bedding and downward-facing small folds are in contact with a thin coal. The whole sequence is inverted, the inversion being a continuation of the overturned structure seen on The Rain and the northern end of the main Settlands bay, e.g. on the left in the previous photo here:
Downward-facing means that the way-up, younging direction, of the folds is downwards, rather than the normal upwards. So the structure at the lower right (see note) which looks like an overturned anticline is actually an inverted syncline. The evidence for the way up is provided by small scale (too small to be seen clearly in this photo) sedimentary slump and load casts on the bases of sandy layers within the predominantly shale and mudstone sequence. The inverted folds are thought to have been initiated immediately prior to the main folding and thrusting event.
The coal is completely inverted ('up' is to down to the left) and separated from the inverted folds by a prominent shear plane just below the bottom of the walking stick and running up towards the upper left.
The stick is 90 cm long.
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