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Krakatau ~ Krakatoa
The eruption of Krakatau's volcano in 1883 destroyed almost every plant and animal on the island. in the decades that followed its ecosystem revived as species gradualy returned.
The eruption of Krakatoa, or Krakatau, in August 1883 was one of the most deadly volcanic eruptions of modern history. It is estimated that more than 36,000 people died. ... Volcanic activity is due to subduction of the Indo-Australian tectonic plate as it moves northward toward mainland Asia.
The eruption of Krakatoa, or Krakatau, in August 1883 was one of the most deadly volcanic eruptions of modern history. It is estimated that more than 36,000 people died. ... Volcanic activity is due to subduction of the Indo-Australian tectonic plate as it moves northward toward mainland Asia.
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Within a few years a thin coat of life was covering the island again. Cyanobacteria formed a gelatinous film over the ash, and later ferns, mosses, and a few flowering beach plants sprouted. By the 1890s, a savanna, with fig and coconut trees scattered across it, had grown on the islands. Along with the spiders lives beetles, butterflies, and even monitor lizard.
To cover the 27 miles from the mainland to the islands, plants and animals had to travel by sea or air. Seeds of some plants could float on the currents of the Sunda Strait. The monitor lizard could swim, and other animals could ride on top of the drift wood and rafts of plants. The spiders arrived on Krakatau by spinning silk balloons that carried them over the water. Birds and bats (including Malay flying fox, with 5-foot wingspan) could fly to Krakatau, and bring in their stomachs the seeds of fruits they had eaten on the mainland.
As the forests overtook the grasslands, many of the pioneer species that had arrived on Krakatau early on disappeared. . . . .Now almost 120 years, the flow of immigrants has allowed down considerably, Krakatau seems headed for an equilibrium. ~ page 153
Dinesh club has replied to Gudrun club. . . The original name of Krakatau was Karkata, or Sanskrit for “crab”; Rakata also means crab in old Javanese language. . . . .
If the fauna and flora came back chaotically, they also came back fast. In the fall of 1884, a little more than a year after the eruption, biologists encountered a few shoots of grass, probably ‘Imperata' and ‘Saccharum.’ In 1886 there were fifteen species of grasses and shrubs. Ins 1897 forty-nine, and in 1928 nearly three hundred. Vegetation dominated by ‘Impomoea’ spread along the shores. At the same time grassland dotted with Casuarina pines gave way here and there to richer pioneer stands of trees and shrubs. In 1919 W. M. Docters van Leeuwen, from the Botanical Gardens at Buitenzog, found forest patches surrounded by nearly continuous grassland. Ten years later he found the reverse: forest now clothed the entire island and was choking out the last of the grassland patches. Today Rakat ais covered completely by tropical Asia rain forest typical in outward appearance. Yet the process of colonization is from from complete. Not a single tree species characterizing the deep, primary forests of Java and Sumatra has made it back. Another hundred years or more may be needed for investment by a forest fully comparable to the old, undisturbed Indonesian islands of the same size. ~ Page 155
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