Cremona - Battistero (PiP)

Cremona, located on the left bank of the Po river, was founded by the Romans as a military outpost against the local Celtic tribes.

Cremona grew into a large town in 69 AD, when it was sacked and destroyed by the troops of Vespasian, fighting to install him as Emperor against his rival Vitellius. Cremona was rebuilt, but it seems to have failed to regain its former prosperity. When the Lombards invaded Italy in the 6th century, Cremona was a Byzantine stronghold as part of the Exarchate of Ravenna.
In 603 Cremona was conquered by the Lombard King Agilulf and again destroyed, rebuilt in 615, and ruled by Lombard dukes.

Cremona is first mentioned in a document of 1098, by which the city received a territory as a fief from the Margravine Matilda of Canossa. In the war of the Lombard League against Frederick Barbarossa, Cremona, after having participated in the destruction of Crema in 1160 and Milan in 1162, finally joined the League.

In the conflicts between the Ghibellines and the Guelfs, Cremona, sided with the Ghibellines. Frederick II, Holy Roman Emperor, made a triumphal procession in Cremona in 1237, showing off his elephant. This animal is known today as the "Cremona Elephant".

With the final downfall of the Hohenstaufen, the Guelfs came to power in Cremona. The city rebelled against King Henry VII in 1311, but eventually surrendered; it was deprived of many rights on Henry's orders, and the city fortifications were demolished. Finally, Cremona was taken possession of by Galeazzo I Visconti in 1322.

The construction of the octogonal "Cremona Baptistery" next to the Cathedral started in 1167. At that time the cathedral was not completed. The baptistery measures 34 meters in height and 20.50 meters in diameter.

During the time of the Renaissance some alterations were done. One was to cover the bare brick walls with white marble. This was started, but never completed.