Bonifacio

The island of Corsica is one of the 18 regions of France. It was colonized the Carthaginians, the Greeks, the Etruscans and the Romans. After the Roman empire collapsed, Corsica got invaded by the Vandals and the Ostrogoths. For a short while the island belonged to the Byzantine Empire, then the Franks granted the island to the Pope, in the early 11th century Pisa and Genoa together freed the island from the threat of Arab invasion. The island came under the influence of the Republic of Pisa, later it belonged to Genua for centuries. In 1755 after a long fight for independence from Genoa the independent Corsican Republic was proclaimed, but in 1769, when the island was conquered by France. As the areas near the coast over centuries have been threatened by attacks and raids of pirates many old hamlets and dwellings are wide inland, high in the mountains.

Bonifacio is the southernmost town on the island of Corsica. The town is divided into into two areas: the medieval old town ("ville haute") and the marina in the harbour area. The upper town is located on a 900-metre-long, narrow tongue of lime- and sandstone land parallel to the coast. On its seafront the promontory slopes from a height of about 70 metres perpendicular to the sea. On the land side, a fjord-like bay is cut into the limestone, forming a well-protected natural harbour. The unique location has repeatedly made Bonifacio the center of military conflict, so over the centuries it was built into a massive fortress.