Cue driven / Emotional!

Note that fish shoaling is a BPU (We propose that what lets animals turn salient external and internal stimuli into adaptive outputs, or behavior, are accreted brain mechanism which we call BPUs) that achieves situation end-states, but this behavior is cue-rather than goal-driven, and hence instinctive. The cue is simply to maintain the distance to the closest conspecific within a crtain range. Should the expected degree of contact with the nearest neighbor be lost, panic ensues, and contact is regained, while if contact is too close, the fish begins to swim a bit further away. But contrast, a human who decides to go out in evening to seek social company in a bar is being guided by a mental representation of goal, to reinforce their belonging to a social group. Their internal reward system makes successful attempts at convivial interaction pleasurable. Because such behavior is goal-seeking rather than cue-driven, it qualifies as emotional. ~ Page 53 Excerpt: "Gaining Control" Authors Robert Aunger & Valerie Curtis