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Posted: 15 Mar 2020

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A History of Russia •
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Nicholas V. Riasanvsky •
3rd Excerpt •
Gulag •
Anne Applebaum •
The History of Money •
Jack Weatherford •

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Peter the great

Peter the great
Now an academician, now a hero,
Now a seafarer, now carpenter,
He, with an all encompasing soul,
Was on the throne an eternal worker ~ Pushkin

A History of Russia
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 Dinesh
Dinesh club
Peter the Great’s reign began a new epoch in Russian history, known variously as the Imperial Age because of new designation of ruler and land, the St. Petersburg Era because of the new capital, or All-Russian Period because of the state came to include more and more peoples other than the Great Russians, that is, the old Muscovites. The epoch lasted for approximately two centuries and ended abruptly in 1917. Although the chronological boundaries of Imperial Russia are clearly marked -- by contrast, for instance, with those of appanage Russia --the beginning of Peter the Great reign itself can be variously dated. The reformer, who died on February 8,m 1725, attained supreme power in several stages, and with reversals of fortune: in 1682 as a boy of ten he was proclaimed at first tsar and later the same year co-tsar with his elder half-brother Ivan; in 1689 he, or rather his family and party, regained effective control of the government; in 1694 Peter’s mother died and he started to rule in fact as well as in name; finally kn 1969 Ivan died, leaving Peter the only and absolute sovereign of Moscovy. . . . Page 213
6.3 years ago. Edited 4.4 years ago.
 Dinesh
Dinesh club
. . . .As Kliuchevsky pointed out, only a single year in Peter the Great’s whole reign, 1724, passed entirely without war, while no more than another thirteen peaceful months could be added for the entire period. Connected to the enormous strain of war was the inadequacy of the Muscovite financial system, which was over-burdened and in a state of virtual collapse even before Peter the Great made vastly increased demands upon it. The problem for the state became simply to survive, and survival exacted a heavy price. Under Peter the Great the population of Russia might have declined. Miliukov, who made a brilliant analysis of Petrine fiscal structure and structure and economy, and other scholars of his persuasion have shown how military consideration repeatedly led to financial measures, and in turn to edicts aiming a stimulate Russian commerce and industry, to changes in the administrative system without whose improvement these and other edicts proved ineffective, to attempt to foster education in whose absence a modern administration could not function and on and on. It has been further argued, on the whole convincingly, that in any case Peter the Great was not a theoretician or planner, but an intensely energetic and practical man of affairs. ` Page 227
6.3 years ago.
 Dinesh
Dinesh club
Stalin may also have been inspired by the older historical preceedent, Robert Tucker, among others, has amply demonstrated Stalin’ obsessive interest in Peter the Great, another Russian ruler who deployed massive serf and prison labor to achieve enormous feats of engineering and construction. In a speech to a Central Committee plenum, made just as he was getting ready to launch his industrial program in 1928, Stalin noted admiringly that

“When Peter the Great, conducting business with the more advanced countries in the West, feverishly built mills and factories to supply the army and strengthen the defenses of the country, it was special sort of effort to laap clear for the confined of his backwardness.”

. . . . Peter is remembered as both a great and a cruel leader, and this is not thought to be a contradiction. After all, nobody remembers how many serfs died during the building os St. Petersburg, but everybody admires the city’s beauty. Stalin may well have taken his example to heart. ~ Page 52 ~ "Gulag" ~ Anne Applebaum - Author

GULAG
4.4 years ago. Edited 4.4 years ago.
 Dinesh
Dinesh club
Paper, backed by God, made possible the wide-spread use of money. Paper expanded the role of money to new markets, new applications, and new elements. . . . The simplification came through the gradual decimalization of money, a process that began in Russia and reached its fullest expression in the fledgling currency of the United Stastes and later in revolutionary France.

As early as 1535 the Russian used system of one hundred denga to one Novgorod ruble. Peter the great upgraded the system and changed the denga to the kopek, creating a system that survived into the twentieth century.

On March 15, 1719, Peter the Great issued a royal order making one of the barracks in his new capital into the city’s first mint. The equipment in the Moscow mint was then moved to Saint Petersburg in order to make the czar’s new-coins, the first of which were merely silver coins from other countries, which the Russian mint restruck in Peter’s honor. ~ Page 140

The History of Money
4.4 years ago. Edited 2 months ago.