Manhattan, NYC

Trinity Church, at 74 Trinity Place in New York City, is a historic full service parish church in the Episcopal Diocese of New York. Trinity Church is located at the intersection of Broadway and Wall Street in downtown Manhattan. There are three burial grounds closely associated with Trinity Church. The first Trinity Churchyard, at Wall Street and Broadway, in which are interred Alexander Hamilton, William Bradford, Robert Fulton, Captain James Lawrence and Albert Gallatin. The second is Trinity Church Cemetery and Mausoleum on Riverside Drive at 155th Street, formerly the location of John James Audubon's estate, in which are interred John James Audubon, Alfred Tennyson Dickens, John Jacob Astor, and Clement Clarke Moore. The third is the Churchyard of St. Paul's Chapel. Text from Wikipedia: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trinity_Church,_New_York

The origin of the NYSE can be traced to May 17, 1792 when the Buttonwood Agreement was signed by twenty-four stock brokers outside of 68 Wall Street in New York under a buttonwood tree. On March 8, 1817 the organization drafted a constitution and renamed itself the "New York Stock & Exchange Board". This name was shortened to its current form in 1863. Anthony Stockholm was elected the Exchange's first president. The Exchange was closed shortly after the beginning of World War I (July 1914), but it was re-opened on November 28 of that year in order to help the war effort by trading bonds. On September 16, 1920, a bomb exploded outside the NYSE building on Wall Street in a terrorist attack, killing 33 people and injuring more than 400. The perpetrators were never found. The NYSE building and some buildings nearby, such as the JP Morgan building, still have marks on their facades caused by the bombing. The Black Thursday crash of the Exchange on October 24, 1929 and the sell-off panic which started on Black Tuesday, October 29, are often blamed for precipitating the Great Depression. In an effort to try to restore investor confidence, the Exchange unveiled a fifteen-point program aimed to upgrade protection for the investing public on October 31, 1938. On October 1, 1934, the exchange was registered as a national securities exchange with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission, with a president and a thirty-three member board. On February 18, 1971 the not-for-profit corporation was formed, and the number of board members was reduced to twenty-five. On August 24, 1967; Abbie Hoffman led a group opposed to capitalism (and other things, including the Vietnam War) in the gallery of the New York Stock Exchange. The protestors threw fistfuls of (mostly fake) dollar bills down to the traders below, who began to scramble frantically to grab the money, as fast as they could. Hoffman claimed to be pointing out that, metaphorically, that's what NYSE traders "were already doing". The NYSE then installed barriers in the gallery, to prevent this kind of protest from interfering with trading again. On October 19, 1987, the Dow Jones Industrial Average fell 22.6%, one of the largest one-day declines in recorded stock market history. It has been dubbed "Black Monday." Following a 554.26 point drop in the Dow Jones Industrial Average (DJIA) on October 27, 1997, officials at the Exchange for the first time invoked the "circuit breaker" rule to stop trading. This was a very controversial move and prompted a quick change in the rule; trading now halts for an hour, two hours, or the rest of the day when the DJIA drops 10, 20, or 30 percent, respectively. In the afternoon, the 10 and 20% drops will halt trading for a shorter period of time, but a 30% drop will always close the exchange for the day. The rationale behind the trading halt was to give investors a chance to cool off and reevaluate their positions (see the October 27, 1997 mini-crash). The first central location of the NYSE was a room rented for $200 a month at 40 Wall Street in 1817. The NYSE was closed from September 11 until September 17, 2001 as a result of the September 11, 2001 attacks. Text from Wikipedia: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_York_Stock_Exchange

The origin of the NYSE can be traced to May 17, 1792 when the Buttonwood Agreement was signed by twenty-four stock brokers outside of 68 Wall Street in New York under a buttonwood tree. On March 8, 1817 the organization drafted a constitution and renamed itself the "New York Stock & Exchange Board". This name was shortened to its current form in 1863. Anthony Stockholm was elected the Exchange's first president. The Exchange was closed shortly after the beginning of World War I (July 1914), but it was re-opened on November 28 of that year in order to help the war effort by trading bonds. On September 16, 1920, a bomb exploded outside the NYSE building on Wall Street in a terrorist attack, killing 33 people and injuring more than 400. The perpetrators were never found. The NYSE building and some buildings nearby, such as the JP Morgan building, still have marks on their facades caused by the bombing. The Black Thursday crash of the Exchange on October 24, 1929 and the sell-off panic which started on Black Tuesday, October 29, are often blamed for precipitating the Great Depression. In an effort to try to restore investor confidence, the Exchange unveiled a fifteen-point program aimed to upgrade protection for the investing public on October 31, 1938. On October 1, 1934, the exchange was registered as a national securities exchange with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission, with a president and a thirty-three member board. On February 18, 1971 the not-for-profit corporation was formed, and the number of board members was reduced to twenty-five. On August 24, 1967; Abbie Hoffman led a group opposed to capitalism (and other things, including the Vietnam War) in the gallery of the New York Stock Exchange. The protestors threw fistfuls of (mostly fake) dollar bills down to the traders below, who began to scramble frantically to grab the money, as fast as they could. Hoffman claimed to be pointing out that, metaphorically, that's what NYSE traders "were already doing". The NYSE then installed barriers in the gallery, to prevent this kind of protest from interfering with trading again. On October 19, 1987, the Dow Jones Industrial Average fell 22.6%, one of the largest one-day declines in recorded stock market history. It has been dubbed "Black Monday." Following a 554.26 point drop in the Dow Jones Industrial Average (DJIA) on October 27, 1997, officials at the Exchange for the first time invoked the "circuit breaker" rule to stop trading. This was a very controversial move and prompted a quick change in the rule; trading now halts for an hour, two hours, or the rest of the day when the DJIA drops 10, 20, or 30 percent, respectively. In the afternoon, the 10 and 20% drops will halt trading for a shorter period of time, but a 30% drop will always close the exchange for the day. The rationale behind the trading halt was to give investors a chance to cool off and reevaluate their positions (see the October 27, 1997 mini-crash). The first central location of the NYSE was a room rented for $200 a month at 40 Wall Street in 1817. The NYSE was closed from September 11 until September 17, 2001 as a result of the September 11, 2001 attacks. Text from Wikipedia: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_York_Stock_Exchange

The origin of the NYSE can be traced to May 17, 1792 when the Buttonwood Agreement was signed by twenty-four stock brokers outside of 68 Wall Street in New York under a buttonwood tree. On March 8, 1817 the organization drafted a constitution and renamed itself the "New York Stock & Exchange Board". This name was shortened to its current form in 1863. Anthony Stockholm was elected the Exchange's first president. The Exchange was closed shortly after the beginning of World War I (July 1914), but it was re-opened on November 28 of that year in order to help the war effort by trading bonds. On September 16, 1920, a bomb exploded outside the NYSE building on Wall Street in a terrorist attack, killing 33 people and injuring more than 400. The perpetrators were never found. The NYSE building and some buildings nearby, such as the JP Morgan building, still have marks on their facades caused by the bombing. The Black Thursday crash of the Exchange on October 24, 1929 and the sell-off panic which started on Black Tuesday, October 29, are often blamed for precipitating the Great Depression. In an effort to try to restore investor confidence, the Exchange unveiled a fifteen-point program aimed to upgrade protection for the investing public on October 31, 1938. On October 1, 1934, the exchange was registered as a national securities exchange with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission, with a president and a thirty-three member board. On February 18, 1971 the not-for-profit corporation was formed, and the number of board members was reduced to twenty-five. On August 24, 1967; Abbie Hoffman led a group opposed to capitalism (and other things, including the Vietnam War) in the gallery of the New York Stock Exchange. The protestors threw fistfuls of (mostly fake) dollar bills down to the traders below, who began to scramble frantically to grab the money, as fast as they could. Hoffman claimed to be pointing out that, metaphorically, that's what NYSE traders "were already doing". The NYSE then installed barriers in the gallery, to prevent this kind of protest from interfering with trading again. On October 19, 1987, the Dow Jones Industrial Average fell 22.6%, one of the largest one-day declines in recorded stock market history. It has been dubbed "Black Monday." Following a 554.26 point drop in the Dow Jones Industrial Average (DJIA) on October 27, 1997, officials at the Exchange for the first time invoked the "circuit breaker" rule to stop trading. This was a very controversial move and prompted a quick change in the rule; trading now halts for an hour, two hours, or the rest of the day when the DJIA drops 10, 20, or 30 percent, respectively. In the afternoon, the 10 and 20% drops will halt trading for a shorter period of time, but a 30% drop will always close the exchange for the day. The rationale behind the trading halt was to give investors a chance to cool off and reevaluate their positions (see the October 27, 1997 mini-crash). The first central location of the NYSE was a room rented for $200 a month at 40 Wall Street in 1817. The NYSE was closed from September 11 until September 17, 2001 as a result of the September 11, 2001 attacks. Text from Wikipedia: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_York_Stock_Exchange

26 Wall Street was the site of New York City's 18th century City Hall. Here John Peter Zenger was jailed, tried, and acquitted of libel for exposing government corruption in his newspaper, an early victory for freedom of the press. City Hall hosted the Stamp Act Congress, which assembled in October 1765, to protest "taxation without representation." After the American Revolution, the Continental Congress met at City Hall, and in 1787 adopted the Northwest Ordinance establishing procedures for creating new states. When the Constitution was ratified in 1788, New York remained the national capital. Pierre L'Enfant was commissioned to remodel City Hall for the new federal government. The First Congress met in the new Federal Hall, and wrote the Bill of Rights, and George Washington was inaugurated here as President on April 30, 1789. When the capital moved to Philadelphia in 1790, the building again housed city government until 1812, at which time Federal Hall was demolished. The current structure on the site was built as the Customs House, opening in 1842. In 1862, Customs moved to 55 Wall Street and the building became the U. S. Sub-Treasury. Millions of dollars of gold and silver were kept in the basement vaults until the Federal Reserve Bank replaced the Sub-Treasury system in 1920. Text from: www.nps.gov/feha/

Once upon a time ago, before the MTA, there were individual companies that ran the subways in New York. The "IRT" was one line, as seen here by this historic metalwork leading to a subway entrance near Wall Street, Manhattan, NY.

A beautiful four masted barque of the Flying P-Line, the Peking was one of the last generation of windjammers used in the nitrate and grain trade around the often treacherous Cape Horn. Eking out meager existence on routes difficult to serve by the steam ships which required vast amounts of coal to fire her hungry boilers, these grand vessels and the sailors sailing them were the last of breed. Sailed "in the traditional way with few labor saving devices or safety features", her sailors were a hard lot, working four hours on and four hours off 24 hours a day for the entire length of the voyage, sometime for more than a hundred days in a row. Made famous by the sail training pioneer Irving Johnson, his footage filmed on board during a passage around Cape Horn in 1929 shocked experienced Cape Horn veterans and landsmen alike at the extreme conditions Peking experienced. Retired in 1933 when traffic through the Panama Canal proved quicker and more economical, she lived an ignominious existence as boys school on the River Medway in England before being acquired by South Street Seaport in 1974. Today, she joins her contemporaries Balclutha, Falls of Clyde and the Star of India in continuing to teach the next generation of the fascinating age of sail. The Peking can still be found at South Street Seaport, New York in the United States. Text from Wikipedia: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peking_

A beautiful four masted barque of the Flying P-Line, the Peking was one of the last generation of windjammers used in the nitrate and grain trade around the often treacherous Cape Horn. Eking out meager existence on routes difficult to serve by the steam ships which required vast amounts of coal to fire her hungry boilers, these grand vessels and the sailors sailing them were the last of breed. Sailed "in the traditional way with few labor saving devices or safety features", her sailors were a hard lot, working four hours on and four hours off 24 hours a day for the entire length of the voyage, sometime for more than a hundred days in a row. Made famous by the sail training pioneer Irving Johnson, his footage filmed on board during a passage around Cape Horn in 1929 shocked experienced Cape Horn veterans and landsmen alike at the extreme conditions Peking experienced. Retired in 1933 when traffic through the Panama Canal proved quicker and more economical, she lived an ignominious existence as boys school on the River Medway in England before being acquired by South Street Seaport in 1974. Today, she joins her contemporaries Balclutha, Falls of Clyde and the Star of India in continuing to teach the next generation of the fascinating age of sail. The Peking can still be found at South Street Seaport, New York in the United States. Text from Wikipedia: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peking_

A beautiful four masted barque of the Flying P-Line, the Peking was one of the last generation of windjammers used in the nitrate and grain trade around the often treacherous Cape Horn. Eking out meager existence on routes difficult to serve by the steam ships which required vast amounts of coal to fire her hungry boilers, these grand vessels and the sailors sailing them were the last of breed. Sailed "in the traditional way with few labor saving devices or safety features", her sailors were a hard lot, working four hours on and four hours off 24 hours a day for the entire length of the voyage, sometime for more than a hundred days in a row. Made famous by the sail training pioneer Irving Johnson, his footage filmed on board during a passage around Cape Horn in 1929 shocked experienced Cape Horn veterans and landsmen alike at the extreme conditions Peking experienced. Retired in 1933 when traffic through the Panama Canal proved quicker and more economical, she lived an ignominious existence as boys school on the River Medway in England before being acquired by South Street Seaport in 1974. Today, she joins her contemporaries Balclutha, Falls of Clyde and the Star of India in continuing to teach the next generation of the fascinating age of sail. The Peking can still be found at South Street Seaport, New York in the United States. Text from Wikipedia: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peking_

The tug, HELEN MCALLISTER, ex GEORGETOWN, ex ADMIRAL DEWEY, was built in 1900 at Port Richmond, N.Y. for the Berwind-White Coal Co. The tug spent the next 55 years as the stalwart of the Berwind-White fleet, towing coal barges to bunker the myriad of ships in New York Harbor. As coal bunkering diminished, the tug was sold to a tug operator in Charleston, South Carolina. In the 1980s, McAllister Towing and Transportation Co. acquired the tugboat company in Charleston, and renamed the tug the HELEN MCALLISTER. She continued to work in the ports of Charleston and Georgetown, South Carolina. In 1992, with its tall steam stack rebuilt, the vessel was brought to New York Harbor and used to help dock tall ships during Op Sail at the South Street Seaport. In 2000, McAllister Towing donated the HELEN MCALLISTER to South Street Seaport Museum. When she was launched as the ADMIRAL DEWEY in 1900, the HELEN MCALLISTER represented the very latest in technology. Originally powered with a triple expansion compound steam engine, developing 900 HP at a working pressure of 150 psi, the tug was repowered after WW II with a 1930's Fairbanks Morse diesel engine. Of the 500 tugboats that at one time worked in New York Harbor, the HELEN MCALLISTER is the only remaining tug of that generation. With her characteristic tall stack and original bell system to transmit orders to the engineer, she reminds us of an age that takes us back to the 19th century. Text from: www.southstseaport.org/street/helen.shtm

Lightship Ambrose served as the sentinal beacon marking Ambrose Channel, the main shipping channel for New York Harbor, from 1823 until the station was replaced by Ambrose Lightstation, a Texas Tower, in 1967. Between 1823 and 1967 several ships were commissioned Lightship Ambrose and served at the station. The Lightship Ambrose (LV87), built 1908, served her station until 1933 when she was reassigned to serve as the Lightship Scotland, a station much closer to Sandy Hook, New Jersey. In 1968, the U.S. Coast Guard gifted the ship to the South Street Seaport Museum in New York City where she remains berthed and can be visited by the public. In 1952, the Lightship Ambrose (WLV 613) was commissioned and became the last lightship to mark the Ambrose Channel when she was replaced by a Texas Tower lightstation on August 24, 1967. She was reassigned as a relief ship on the Massachusetts coastline from 1967–75. And finally, after being renamed Nantucket II, she was reassigned to Nantucket Shoals, where she alternated with her sister ship, the Lightship Nantucket (WLV 612), relieving each other approximately every 21 days, until 1983. Text from Wikipedia: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lightship_Ambrose

The tug, HELEN MCALLISTER, ex GEORGETOWN, ex ADMIRAL DEWEY, was built in 1900 at Port Richmond, N.Y. for the Berwind-White Coal Co. The tug spent the next 55 years as the stalwart of the Berwind-White fleet, towing coal barges to bunker the myriad of ships in New York Harbor. As coal bunkering diminished, the tug was sold to a tug operator in Charleston, South Carolina. In the 1980s, McAllister Towing and Transportation Co. acquired the tugboat company in Charleston, and renamed the tug the HELEN MCALLISTER. She continued to work in the ports of Charleston and Georgetown, South Carolina. In 1992, with its tall steam stack rebuilt, the vessel was brought to New York Harbor and used to help dock tall ships during Op Sail at the South Street Seaport. In 2000, McAllister Towing donated the HELEN MCALLISTER to South Street Seaport Museum. When she was launched as the ADMIRAL DEWEY in 1900, the HELEN MCALLISTER represented the very latest in technology. Originally powered with a triple expansion compound steam engine, developing 900 HP at a working pressure of 150 psi, the tug was repowered after WW II with a 1930's Fairbanks Morse diesel engine. Of the 500 tugboats that at one time worked in New York Harbor, the HELEN MCALLISTER is the only remaining tug of that generation. With her characteristic tall stack and original bell system to transmit orders to the engineer, she reminds us of an age that takes us back to the 19th century. Lightship Ambrose served as the sentinal beacon marking Ambrose Channel, the main shipping channel for New York Harbor, from 1823 until the station was replaced by Ambrose Lightstation, a Texas Tower, in 1967. Between 1823 and 1967 several ships were commissioned Lightship Ambrose and served at the station. The Lightship Ambrose (LV87), built 1908, served her station until 1933 when she was reassigned to serve as the Lightship Scotland, a station much closer to Sandy Hook, New Jersey. In 1968, the U.S. Coast Guard gifted the ship to the South Street Seaport Museum in New York City where she remains berthed and can be visited by the public. In 1952, the Lightship Ambrose (WLV 613) was commissioned and became the last lightship to mark the Ambrose Channel when she was replaced by a Texas Tower lightstation on August 24, 1967. She was reassigned as a relief ship on the Massachusetts coastline from 1967–75. And finally, after being renamed Nantucket II, she was reassigned to Nantucket Shoals, where she alternated with her sister ship, the Lightship Nantucket (WLV 612), relieving each other approximately every 21 days, until 1983. Text from: www.southstseaport.org/street/helen.shtm and Text from Wikipedia: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lightship_Ambrose

The tug, HELEN MCALLISTER, ex GEORGETOWN, ex ADMIRAL DEWEY, was built in 1900 at Port Richmond, N.Y. for the Berwind-White Coal Co. The tug spent the next 55 years as the stalwart of the Berwind-White fleet, towing coal barges to bunker the myriad of ships in New York Harbor. As coal bunkering diminished, the tug was sold to a tug operator in Charleston, South Carolina. In the 1980s, McAllister Towing and Transportation Co. acquired the tugboat company in Charleston, and renamed the tug the HELEN MCALLISTER. She continued to work in the ports of Charleston and Georgetown, South Carolina. In 1992, with its tall steam stack rebuilt, the vessel was brought to New York Harbor and used to help dock tall ships during Op Sail at the South Street Seaport. In 2000, McAllister Towing donated the HELEN MCALLISTER to South Street Seaport Museum. When she was launched as the ADMIRAL DEWEY in 1900, the HELEN MCALLISTER represented the very latest in technology. Originally powered with a triple expansion compound steam engine, developing 900 HP at a working pressure of 150 psi, the tug was repowered after WW II with a 1930's Fairbanks Morse diesel engine. Of the 500 tugboats that at one time worked in New York Harbor, the HELEN MCALLISTER is the only remaining tug of that generation. With her characteristic tall stack and original bell system to transmit orders to the engineer, she reminds us of an age that takes us back to the 19th century. Lightship Ambrose served as the sentinal beacon marking Ambrose Channel, the main shipping channel for New York Harbor, from 1823 until the station was replaced by Ambrose Lightstation, a Texas Tower, in 1967. Between 1823 and 1967 several ships were commissioned Lightship Ambrose and served at the station. The Lightship Ambrose (LV87), built 1908, served her station until 1933 when she was reassigned to serve as the Lightship Scotland, a station much closer to Sandy Hook, New Jersey. In 1968, the U.S. Coast Guard gifted the ship to the South Street Seaport Museum in New York City where she remains berthed and can be visited by the public. In 1952, the Lightship Ambrose (WLV 613) was commissioned and became the last lightship to mark the Ambrose Channel when she was replaced by a Texas Tower lightstation on August 24, 1967. She was reassigned as a relief ship on the Massachusetts coastline from 1967–75. And finally, after being renamed Nantucket II, she was reassigned to Nantucket Shoals, where she alternated with her sister ship, the Lightship Nantucket (WLV 612), relieving each other approximately every 21 days, until 1983. Text from: www.southstseaport.org/street/helen.shtm and Text from Wikipedia: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lightship_Ambrose

Godspeed was one of the three ships of the English East India Company that were led by Captain Christopher Newport on the 1607 voyage that resulted in the founding of the first permanent English settlement in North America, Jamestown, in the new Colony of Virginia. All the colonists she carried on that voyage were male. The 40-ton Godspeed is estimated to have been 68 feet in length. Replicas of the Godspeed and her sisters in the 1607 voyage, the larger Susan Constant and the smaller Discovery, are docked in the James River at Jamestown Settlement (formerly Jamestown Festival Park), adjacent to the Jamestown National Historic Site. The text is from Wikipedia: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Godspeed_ For more information about the 400th Anniversary Celebration and Godspeed Sail in New York: www.americas400thanniversary.org/godspeedsail-newyork.cfm

Godspeed was one of the three ships of the English East India Company that were led by Captain Christopher Newport on the 1607 voyage that resulted in the founding of the first permanent English settlement in North America, Jamestown, in the new Colony of Virginia. All the colonists she carried on that voyage were male. The 40-ton Godspeed is estimated to have been 68 feet in length. Replicas of the Godspeed and her sisters in the 1607 voyage, the larger Susan Constant and the smaller Discovery, are docked in the James River at Jamestown Settlement (formerly Jamestown Festival Park), adjacent to the Jamestown National Historic Site. The text is from Wikipedia: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Godspeed_ For more information about the 400th Anniversary Celebration and Godspeed Sail in New York: www.americas400thanniversary.org/godspeedsail-newyork.cfm

Godspeed was one of the three ships of the English East India Company that were led by Captain Christopher Newport on the 1607 voyage that resulted in the founding of the first permanent English settlement in North America, Jamestown, in the new Colony of Virginia. All the colonists she carried on that voyage were male. The 40-ton Godspeed is estimated to have been 68 feet in length. Replicas of the Godspeed and her sisters in the 1607 voyage, the larger Susan Constant and the smaller Discovery, are docked in the James River at Jamestown Settlement (formerly Jamestown Festival Park), adjacent to the Jamestown National Historic Site. The text is from Wikipedia: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Godspeed_ For more information about the 400th Anniversary Celebration and Godspeed Sail in New York: www.americas400thanniversary.org/godspeedsail-newyork.cfm

Godspeed was one of the three ships of the English East India Company that were led by Captain Christopher Newport on the 1607 voyage that resulted in the founding of the first permanent English settlement in North America, Jamestown, in the new Colony of Virginia. All the colonists she carried on that voyage were male. The 40-ton Godspeed is estimated to have been 68 feet in length. Replicas of the Godspeed and her sisters in the 1607 voyage, the larger Susan Constant and the smaller Discovery, are docked in the James River at Jamestown Settlement (formerly Jamestown Festival Park), adjacent to the Jamestown National Historic Site. The text is from Wikipedia: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Godspeed_ For more information about the 400th Anniversary Celebration and Godspeed Sail in New York: www.americas400thanniversary.org/godspeedsail-newyork.cfm