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Posted: 01 Aug 2022

Taken: 01 Aug 2022

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Words

Words

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 Dinesh
Dinesh club
A closer look at the words borrowed from Latin and Greek in the developing area of medicine gives us a snapshot of the time. So successful was the classical branding of medical terms during the Renaissance that it has gone on ever since. Among the hundreds of words that arrived from Greek via Latin were our “skeleton,” “tendon,” “larynx,” “glottis” and “pancreas.” From Latin we also inherit “tibia,” “sinuses,” “temperature,” and “viruses” as well as “delirium” and “epilepsy”. Our “parasites” and “pneumonia,” even our “thermometers,” “tonics” and “capsules,” are all words of classical origin. We talk of our bodies in ancient tongues ~ Page 115

. . . . .. By the end of the sixteenth century, after more than fifty years of influx and controversy, the building blocks had been laid to create a language that we can still understand today and that we call Modern English. It is shot through with Latinate words.

Some of those which seemed oddest at the time have survived -- words like “industrial,” “exaggerate,” “mundane,” “affability,” “ingenious,” ;”celebrate,” “dexterity,” “discretion,” “superiority,” “disabuse,” “necessitate,” “expect,” “external,” “exaggerate” and “extrol” -- all thought most curious in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries. ` Page 119

The scientific and technical vocabularies grew enormously. By the end of the seventeenth century a great number of words had been introduced for basic anatomy and mathematics From the beginning of the nineteenth century there was a surge of chemistry, physical and biology. “Biology” itself came in 1819. “petrology” (1811), “morphology” (1828), “taxonomy” (1828) “palaentology” (1838), “ethnology” (1842), “gynaecology (1847), “histology” (1847), “carcinology” (1852). In chemistry “tellurium” (1800), “sodium” (s1807), “platinum” (s1812) “silicon” (1817), “caffeine” (1830), “chloroform” (1838), “cocaine” (1874), “voltmeter” (1882), “watt” (1882), “electron” (1891),. In biology “chlorophyll” (1810), “bacterium” (1847), “spermatozoid” (1857), “symbiosis” (1877), “chromosome” (1890), “photosynthesis” (1898). In geology “jurassic” (1831), “cretaceous” (1832), “bauxite” (1861). IN medicine, “gastritis” (1806), “laryngitis” (1822), “kleptomania (1830), “haemophilia” (1854), “diphtheria” (1857), “clustrophobia” (1879) -- a term which might be transferred to the sensation in the mind caused by being so crowded In by lists of words. `226

English went back to Latin and Greek in many of its descriptions of the new, often via the French: “oxygene,” “protein,” “nuclear” and “vaccine” did not exist in the classical languages but their roots are there. Some did come straight from Latin, in the nineteenth century, like “cognomen,” “opus”, “ego”, “sanatorium”, “aquarium”, “referendum” and “myth”; or from Greek, such as “pylon.” It was considered good practice o use parts of the classical languages: for example, anthropo-, or bio-, neo-, poly-, tele- as prefixes; or as suffixes, ‘glot, ‘gram, -logy, -morphy. A great number of words found a use for the ending -ize. ~ Page 227
22 months ago. Edited 22 months ago.
 Dinesh
Dinesh club
The Adventure of English
22 months ago.