Portugal - Lisbon, Castelo de São Jorge

Castelo de São Jorge (Saint George Castle) is located on a hill top - the most privileged area - of the old medieval citadel above the city of Lisbon. It consists of the castle, the ruins of the former royal palace, as well as a residential neighbourhood, which was home of the elite.

The moated fortification with its towers and ramparts was built in the mid-11th century during the Moorish period. It is situated on the most inaccessible area on the top of a hill. Where most European castles intend to perform a residential role, the purpose of Castelo de São Jorge was to house military troops and - in case of a siege - the elite who lived in the citadel.

After Dom Afonso Henriques conquered Lisbon in 1147, the castle began its golden age as a home for the royalty. The original buildings were modified and enlarged to accommodate the king, his court and the bishop. When Portugal became part of Spain in 1580, Castelo de São Jorge became an important military role, which continued until the early 20th century.

After the devastating earthquake in 1755 the most substantial renovation work took place on the old citadel, with new buildings gradually covering over the older ruins. The castle and ruins of the former royal palace were rediscovered after major restorations between 1938 and 1940. Castelo de São Jorge regained its former magnificence and was opened to the public. Nowadays it is a National Monument and one of the most important touristic sights of Lisbon.

(The main picture is taken from the observation deck of the Santa Justa Lift.)